怎樣提高不銹鋼加工料的耐磨性能

摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">怎樣提高不銹鋼加工料的耐磨性能</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在不銹鋼加工過程中的加熱或冷焊會發生比較嚴重的粘合劑磨損。粘合劑磨損主要發生在兩個相對運動的金屬表面與足夠的作用力下。這是一個固相焊接工藝。在相對運動期間，作用力一定要足夠，以此來破壞不銹鋼表面保護性氧化物層。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <a name="不銹鋼加工"></a><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">而在過高應力與較差的潤滑條件下，還有可能會發生更大表面積的粘結，有可能生成比較大的碎片或表面突起，其結果就是不銹鋼加工料表面出現磨損。嚴重的磨損甚至會影響到不銹鋼部件的使用性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">高韌性或有著低加工硬化率的不銹鋼加工料通常更容易發生磨損。奧氏體不銹鋼在某些條件下的磨損會更加明顯。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">所以有效的潤滑通常是不銹鋼緊固件防止磨損的好方法。依據使用條件，可使用幾種形式，從把油與潤滑脂應用于固體潤滑系統如熱固性或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">PTFE</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂層。在相關專業資料中顯示，相比于潤滑脂，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">PTFE</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">會提供更好的耐磨損系統，資料中還表明該系統有著額外的優點，即涂層可以在車間條件下而非現場條件下應用。相比于使用潤滑脂，這有助于保持不銹鋼緊固件系統具有*佳耐腐蝕性，并且還能降低污染物沾染的風險。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">磨損涂層是通過氮化或鍍鉻改變不銹鋼的表面特性，可以改善耐磨性和耐磨損性。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">表面氮化是奧氏體不銹鋼對氮化處理效果不佳，滲氮范圍有限。馬氏體和沉淀硬化不銹鋼可獲得更好的結果。當作用力施加到配合部件時，這有助于支撐硬化的表面層。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">但在滲氮的范圍內也存在限制，因為由于形成氮化鉻，不銹鋼材料表面上的鉻消耗可以降低耐腐蝕性。此外，由于氮化溫度可導致碳晶界面處的碳化物沉淀，因此可能會有晶間腐蝕的危險。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">硬鉻沉積物主要用于改善磨損</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">/</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">耐磨損性，并且通常直接施加到基材上。硬鉻電鍍涂層的厚度范圍為</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.003</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">至</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫米，裝飾涂料很少超過</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.003</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫米。電鍍鉻不適用于高溫或高壓應用，這往往會降低涂層的硬度，并可能導致開裂或剝落。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>